What is Ransomware?
Ransomware is a form of malicious software (malware) designed to infect devices and restrict access to files or systems until a ransom is paid. It works by encrypting files on the infected device using complex algorithms, rendering them inaccessible to the user. The attackers then demand payment, typically cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, in exchange for the decryption key to restore access.
Ransomware typically spreads through phishing emails containing malicious attachments or links. Once activated, it quickly begins encrypting files and essentially holds them hostage. A ransom note is displayed demanding payment, usually within a short timeframe before files are deleted. The ransom amount varies but can range from several hundred to thousands of dollars depending on the victim.
Some of the most destructive ransomware strains include CryptoLocker, WannaCry, NotPetya, and Ryuk which have impacted organizations globally. The FBI estimates over 4,000 ransomware attacks occur daily. Ransomware continues to be a lucrative criminal enterprise, with losses expected to reach $265 billion by 2031 according to Cybersecurity Ventures.
Can Formatting Remove Ransomware?
Simply formatting your hard drive does not effectively remove ransomware from your device. The malicious software still exists even after a format, as formatting only erases the filesystem data and does not touch the actual malware infection (https://www.quora.com/Does-formatting-my-whole-PC-will-help-me-to-get-rid-of-ransomware-vvoa-or-not). Formatting wipes your drive and restructures the filesystem, but does not clean malware that has embedded itself into the deeper operating system. So a basic format alone often fails to get rid of ransomware.
The core ransomware infection remains on the device after a format. To truly remove the malware, you need to clean the drive at a deeper level, such as using advanced anti-malware tools. Formatting simply resets the hard drive but does not scrub the embedded ransomware code. So while formatting may temporarily provide access to encrypted files again, the ransomware continues lurking and will likely re-encrypt everything. Formatting alone provides a false sense of eliminating the malware when it still persists.
When Formatting May Be Required
If ransomware has encrypted the boot sector or system files, formatting may be required as part of the removal process. Ransomware such as Petya and Satana encrypt the master boot record, preventing the operating system from loading properly and making the system unusable until formatted1. Likewise, ransomware that targets low-level system files like dlls and drivers may corrupt Windows to the point that formatting and reinstalling the OS is necessary for proper function2. In these situations where ransomware has damaged critical system areas, formatting and reinstalling the operating system provides the only path to fully removing the ransomware and restoring usability.
Recommended Steps to Remove Ransomware
If your device has been infected with ransomware, it’s important to take quick action to contain and remove the infection. According to tech experts, the key steps are:
1. Disconnect from the internet/wifi immediately to prevent the ransomware from spreading. Unplug ethernet cables and disable wifi, as ransomware often tries to propagate across networks.1
2. Use antivirus software to scan for and remove any detected ransomware files. Top antivirus tools like Kaspersky and Malwarebytes are often able to detect known ransomware strains.2
3. Restore your files from a clean backup if one is available. Backup data is invaluable for recovering encrypted or deleted files after a ransomware attack.
4. Format your device if necessary after other removal methods, as a last resort. Formatting fully erases the ransomware but also deletes all data, so only use if backups are available.1
Following these key steps can help remove ransomware infections and recover critical data. Disconnect, scan, restore backups, and format only if needed after backups.
Recovering Encrypted Files
Some decryption tools have been developed by cybersecurity experts that can be effective for recovering encrypted files without paying the ransom, depending on the specific strain of ransomware. For example, Emsisoft Decrypter claims to be able to decrypt 148 ransomware variants. However, most ransomware strains utilize strong encryption algorithms, making files extremely difficult or impossible to recover without the decryption key held by the attackers.
If the ransomware is unknown or uses an advanced encryption method, encrypted files may be irrecoverable without paying the ransom to obtain the decryption key. However, most cybersecurity experts strongly advise against paying the ransom, as it encourages and funds criminal activity, with no guarantee that files will actually be recovered. The best defense is prevention through vigilant cybersecurity practices.
Protecting Against Future Infections
The most important way to prevent ransomware infections is to keep all your software up-to-date. Using the latest versions will ensure you have the latest security patches that fix vulnerabilities that ransomware often exploits (Kaspersky, 2022). Antivirus software should also be used on all devices and kept up-to-date as well. Many antivirus programs have ransomware protection features that can detect malicious activity and stop infections.
You should also be very cautious about opening links or downloading files, especially from unknown or suspicious sources. Ransomware is often distributed through malicious links or files. It’s best to avoid clicking links in unsolicited emails and only download files from trusted sources (Crowdstrike, 2022).
Regularly backing up your data, whether through cloud services or external hard drives, will ensure you have copies that can be restored if your files are encrypted. Make sure to store backups disconnected from your network to prevent them from being infected as well.
Finally, use caution when connecting external devices like USB drives to your computer. Ransomware can spread through removable media so don’t open files directly from external devices without scanning them first (Kaspersky, 2022).
What to Do if Infected
If your device becomes infected with ransomware, it’s important to act quickly to limit the damage. Here are the recommended steps to take:
Disconnect from Network Immediately
As soon as you suspect your device has been infected, disconnect it from any network or shared drives it has access to. This prevents the ransomware from spreading and infecting additional devices or files.
Identify Strain of Ransomware
If possible, identify what specific ransomware strain has infected your device. Knowing the type of ransomware can help guide removal efforts. Look for any ransom notes left on your system for clues.
Follow Removal Guide Carefully
Look up a specific removal guide for the identified ransomware strain and carefully follow all steps to delete the ransomware from your device. Make sure to remove any associated malware it may have dropped as well.https://stepupitservices.com/blog/ransomware-attack-what-should-my-business-do/
Contact Professionals For Help if Needed
If you are unable to fully remove the ransomware yourself, contact IT security professionals for assistance. They have the tools and knowledge to eliminate stubborn infections.
Examples of Destructive Ransomware Strains
Ransomware attacks have been rapidly increasing, with some particularly nasty strains causing major disruptions around the world. According to Cyberint’s Q4 2023 Report, some of the most prolific recent ransomware groups are LockBit3.0, Cl0p, and Hive.
One of the most damaging early ransomware attacks was WannaCry in 2017, which affected over 200,000 computers across 150 countries. WannaCry encrypted files and demanded ransom payments in Bitcoin. Major organizations like the UK’s National Health Service were significantly impacted.
Another early strain was CryptoLocker, which emerged in 2013 and encrypted files related to pictures, documents, and other important data. At its peak, CryptoLocker infected over 250,000 computers.
More recently in 2021, Conti ransomware attacked Ireland’s national healthcare system, causing major disruption to hospitals. Conti has also impacted many businesses worldwide, demanding massive ransoms to decrypt files.
These examples highlight why ransomware is such a severe threat, as strains continue to evolve and cause greater damage. Organizations must take ransomware seriously and implement robust cybersecurity measures for protection.
The Costs of Ransomware
Ransomware attacks can have significant financial costs for businesses. Paying the ransom demand is often very expensive, with the average ransom payment in 2021 being over $200,000 according to Coveware. Even after paying, there is no guarantee that criminals will unlock systems. Lost productivity and business interruption during downtime can also be extremely costly. The average cost of downtime from ransomware is estimated at over $283,000 according to Comparitech.
Ransomware can also cause extensive damage to systems and data. Attackers may delete backups or make it impossible to recover files after encryption. Rebuilding damaged systems is time-consuming and expensive. According to Cybersecurity Ventures, global ransomware damage costs are predicted to exceed $20 billion in 2021.
Sources:
https://www.provendata.com/blog/ransomware-cost-expenses-fees/
https://www.natlawreview.com/article/ransomware-attacks-predicted-to-occur-every-11-seconds-2021-cost-20-billion
Key Takeaways
Merely formatting alone is not sufficient to fully remove ransomware or recover encrypted files. While formatting the hard drive may delete active ransomware components, residual items can persist and reinfect the system.
To thoroughly remove an infection, utilize anti-malware tools along with the cleaning functions built into the operating system. After deleting ransomware, change passwords and close open ports to prevent reinfection.
Relying solely on removing ransomware after infection leaves users vulnerable to permanent data loss. The most effective protection is proactively preventing attacks through security best practices. Diligently backing up critical data provides the best chance for recovering encrypted files.
In summary, formatting is not a standalone solution for eliminating ransomware or restoring affected data. Comprehensive security habits including threat prevention, backup, anti-malware scanning, and cleaning infected systems is essential.
