Using an external SSD or solid state drive can provide several benefits over traditional external hard disk drives (HDDs). SSDs have no moving parts, making them more durable and shock-resistant. They are also much faster than HDDs due to the way data is stored and accessed on SSDs. This makes them ideal for tasks like transferring large files or running programs and games from the drive. Additionally, SSDs use less power, generate less heat, and make no noise compared to HDDs. However, SSDs are more expensive per gigabyte than HDDs and have lower capacities. But for many users, the speed, performance, durability, and silent operation of SSDs make them worth the higher cost.
What is an external SSD?
An external SSD is a type of solid state drive that connects to a computer externally, typically using a USB, Thunderbolt, or other connector. Like an internal SSD, it uses flash memory chips to store data digitally, without any moving parts. This makes external SSDs much faster, smaller, and more durable than external hard drives. They are increasingly popular for things like expanding limited storage on a laptop, backing up data, or providing extra storage for gaming consoles. An external SSD offers much better performance than an external hard drive, but is also more expensive.
How does an external SSD work?
An external SSD uses the same NAND flash memory technology as internal SSDs and USB flash drives. This non-volatile memory stores data in tiny cells on microchips. Unlike a hard drive, no mechanical arm with a read/write head needs to move around to access data. This allows SSDs to access data instantly and rapidly. The interface used, like USB 3.2 or Thunderbolt 3, determines the maximum bandwidth and speeds the SSD can reach. Better interfaces allow SSDs to maximize their fast potential read/write speeds.
Benefits of External SSDs
External SSDs offer several advantages over external hard drives:
Faster speeds
The read/write speeds of SSDs far exceed those of HDDs. Typical external HDD speeds are in the range of 80-120 MB/s, while external SATA SSDs can reach 550 MB/s. The fastest external SSDs using NVMe and Thunderbolt 3 can reach incredible speeds over 2500 MB/s.
Better durability
Having no moving parts, external SSDs are more durable and resistant to shocks and vibration. HDDs have to be very carefully handled to avoid damage to internal components. SSDs are better suited for travel and use in harsh environments.
Compact size
A SATA SSD is typically about one-fourth the physical size of a 2.5 inch hard drive. And an M.2 NVMe SSD is even smaller – about the size of a stick of gum. This makes external SSDs very portable.
Cool and quiet
SSDs generate very little heat and are completely silent, with no spinning motors or moving head actuations. External HDDs require cooling and produce audible noise.
Lower power consumption
SSDs consume much less power than HDDs, which helps preserve laptop battery life. HDDs draw around 6-7 watts in operation, while SATA SSDs use 2-3 watts. High-end NVMe SSDs need even less power.
Disadvantages of External SSDs
While external SSDs have some clear benefits, there are also a few potential disadvantages to consider:
Higher cost per gigabyte
This is the primary drawback of SSDs. While prices continue to decline, external SSDs still cost significantly more per gigabyte than hard drives. A 1TB external HDD costs around $50 while a 1TB SSD costs around $100.
Lower capacities
The maximum capacities of external SSDs have been rising, but they still lag far behind HDDs. External hard drives go up to 16TB, but most external SSDs only reach 2-4TB currently.
Replacement of components
If an external SSD fails or certain parts like the controller burn out, the entire drive will need replacement. With an HDD, heads or platters can sometimes be swapped.
Ideal Uses for External SSDs
Because of their strengths and drawbacks, external SSDs excel in these use cases:
Transferring large files
The fast read/write speeds make external SSDs perfect for quickly moving large files like videos, RAW photos, games, or image backups between computers. Thunderbolt 3 models over 2000 MB/s are exceptionally fast.
Editing high-res media
Working with 4K, 6K, or 8K video or large RAW photo files requires fast storage for a smooth workflow. External SSDs keep things moving without bogging down.
Running programs and games
Programs and games stored on an external SSD will load much quicker than those on an external HDD. FPS games benefit greatly from the improved speeds.
Extra storage for laptops
Laptops often have limited internal drive space, making an external SSD ideal for storing additional files and media while keeping things portable.
Rugged storage
For those needing external storage while traveling or working outdoors, the durability and shock-resistance of SSDs make them preferable to HDDs.
Factors in Choosing an External SSD
Key considerations when selecting an external SSD include:
Interface (USB, Thunderbolt, etc)
Faster interfaces like USB 3.2 Gen 2×2 (20Gbps), Thunderbolt 3 & 4 allow the SSD to achieve its maximum potential speeds. Make sure your computer also supports the interface used.
Storage capacity
Know how much storage you need – capacities available include 500GB, 1TB, 2TB, 4TB. But remember larger SSDs cost more per gigabyte.
Read and write speeds
Check reviews and specs to understand real-world speeds you can expect. NVMe SSDs are the fastest, followed by SATA SSDs.
Encryption
Some SSDs include hardware encryption to secure sensitive data stored on them. This provides added peace of mind if the drive gets lost or stolen.
Manufacturer reputation
Stick with established brands like Samsung, WD, SanDisk when buying an external SSD. Check reviews and warranties closely.
Price per gigabyte
Since SSDs vary in cost per gigabyte, calculate this to find drives offering the best value for your needs. External HDDs still offer the lowest cost per gigabyte.
Use of drive
Think about your specific intended use – SSDs excel at things like gaming and media editing but large backups may be more cost-effective on HDDs.
Top External SSDs in 2023
Some of the best external SSDs currently available include:
| External SSD | Interface | Read Speed | Write Speed | Capacities |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Samsung X5 Portable SSD | Thunderbolt 3 | 2,800 MB/s | 2,300 MB/s | 500GB, 1TB, 2TB |
| WD My Passport SSD | USB 3.2 Gen 2 | 1,050 MB/s | 1,000 MB/s | 500GB, 1TB, 2TB |
| SanDisk Extreme Pro Portable SSD | USB 3.2 Gen 2×2 | 2,000 MB/s | 2,000 MB/s | 1TB, 2TB |
| Seagate FireCuda Gaming SSD | USB 3.2 Gen 2×2 | 2,000 MB/s | 1,850 MB/s | 500GB, 1TB, 2TB |
| Crucial X8 Portable SSD | USB 3.2 Gen 2 | 1,050 MB/s | 1,000 MB/s | 500GB, 1TB, 2TB |
Conclusion
External SSDs offer notable benefits in speed, size, durability, and performance over traditional external hard drives. With transfer rates up to 2800 MB/s, they are ideal for managing and editing high-resolution media, transferring large files, running programs and games, and expanding limited laptop storage. Models with the latest interfaces like USB 3.2 Gen 2×2 and Thunderbolt 3 & 4 maximize the capabilities of high-end SSDs. While external SSDs carry higher price tags per gigabyte compared to HDDs and have lower maximum capacities, their strengths make them worthwhile investments for many users.