Network-attached storage (NAS) devices are quickly becoming a popular way for homes and businesses to store and access data over a local area network. Unlike external hard drives that connect directly to a single computer, NAS devices connect to the network and allow data to be accessed by multiple users and devices. While the convenience of NAS comes with many benefits, it also raises potential security concerns given the sensitive nature of much of the data stored on these devices. In this article, we’ll explore what NAS is, the security risks associated with it, and steps you can take to keep your NAS data safe.
What is Network-Attached Storage (NAS)?
NAS devices are dedicated file storage appliances or servers that connect directly to a local area network, most commonly an Ethernet network. This allows them to be accessed by any authorized devices on that network like desktop computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, other networked devices, and even smart home appliances in some cases.
A key difference between NAS and a regular external drive is that the NAS contains its own operating system and storage management software, rather than being accessed through an operating system on a connected computer. This allows NAS devices to operate independently, enabling features like built-in RAID data protection, automated file backups, remote access, media streaming, and more.
Many NAS systems run Linux- or Android-based operating systems optimized for dedicated file storage and connectivity. Popular NAS manufacturers include Synology, QNAP, Netgear, Buffalo, Drobo, and Asustor. Companies like Dell, HP, and Lenovo also offer NAS products.
Benefits of Network-Attached Storage (NAS)
Some key benefits that make NAS so popular include:
– **Centralized storage** – Stores all data in one place on the network instead of across multiple computers and external drives. This makes data easier to manage, access, protect, and share.
– **Shared access** – Data on the NAS can be easily accessed by multiple users and devices on the network at the same time.
– **Expandability** – Most NAS solutions allow you to add additional hard drives as needed to expand your storage capacity.
– **Backup** – NAS makes it simple to automatically backup your data for added protection against hard drive failures.
– **Remote access** – Many NAS systems allow you to access your data remotely from outside your home or office network.
– **Media streaming** – Media files like photos, videos and music can be easily streamed from your NAS to TVs, media players, gaming consoles and other DLNA compliant devices on your network.
– **Productivity applications** – Many NAS operating systems offer optional installable apps like document management, calendaring, conferencing tools, and more for increased productivity.
– **Customizable** – Users can typically install software add-ons to enhance the functionality of their NAS device for media streaming, web serving, programming platforms like Docker, surveillance systems, and much more.
Security Risks of Network-Attached Storage (NAS)
While NAS offers many advantages, connecting storage devices directly to a network can also introduce potential security risks, especially if proper precautions are not taken. Some key risks include:
– **Exposure on the local network** – Unlike external drives that connect to individual computers, NAS devices are exposed to all users and devices on the local network. Unauthorized devices could potentially access data stored on the NAS.
– **Vulnerabilities in NAS software** – Like any software, NAS operating systems can contain exploitable vulnerabilities that cybercriminals could leverage to steal data. NAS software needs to be kept updated and patched.
– **Insecure default settings** – Some NAS devices ship with default settings like open remote access that can introduce security holes if not properly configured.
– **Outdated protocols** – Older protocols like FTP and Telnet used by some NAS systems transmit data in plain text that is vulnerable to interception.
– **Lack of access controls** – Not properly configuring file and user permissions could potentially allow unauthorized access.
– **Third-party app vulnerabilities** – Adding apps from untrusted sources to your NAS could also introduce security risks.
– **Weak passwords** – Using weak or default passwords makes it easy for unauthorized users to gain access to stored data.
– **Lack of encryption** – If encryption is not enabled, anyone gaining access to the hard drives could easily read your data.
– **Physical theft** – Since NAS contains many disks in one place, physical theft of the device could compromise a lot of data if not protected by encryption.
Securing Your Network-Attached Storage (NAS)
While NAS introduces risks, the good news is there are steps you can take to lock down your device and keep your data secure:
Use a firewall
A firewall creates a barrier between your trusted home or office network and the outside world. Enable the firewall on your wireless router or NAS operating system to control access. Only allow connections from trusted devices and block untrusted incoming traffic.
Change default credentials
Never use default usernames and passwords on network devices. Change these to strong unique passwords to prevent unauthorized logins. Enable multi-factor authentication if possible for added account protection.
Limit NAS access
Configure your NAS to only allow connections from specific authorized devices on your network by enabling firewall rules, IP limitations, and MAC address filtering. Disable any remote access you do not need.
Utilize access controls
Set up users and groups in your NAS operating system and assign granular folder and file-level permissions to restrict unauthorized access to data. Give users the minimum access they require to do their jobs.
Disable unused services
Many NAS systems run additional services you may not need beyond core file storage. Disable FTP, Telnet, SSH, SNMP and any other unused services to reduce your attack surface.
Use secure protocols
Encrypt transmissions by only allowing secure protocols like SFTP, FTPS, HTTPS, and SCP when accessing your NAS. Avoid plain text protocols like FTP and Telnet that expose your credentials and data.
Install updates
Always keep the NAS operating system and installed apps fully updated with the latest security patches. Enable auto-update to maintain protection against emerging threats.
Add VPN protection
For secure remote access, configure your VPN server to tunnel NAS traffic via an encrypted virtual private network connection. Never expose NAS directly to the internet.
Enable disk encryption
Protect data at rest by enabling AES-256 or similar encryption across all NAS hard drives. Encryption renders data unreadable if drives are disconnected or devices stolen.
Use strong passphrases
Always choose strong, complex passphrases over simple passwords for securing your NAS user accounts and Wi-Fi network. Enable passphrases with length and complexity enforcement.
Perform backups
Back up your NAS data regularly to protect against ransomware and hardware failures. Maintain 3-2-1 backups with at least three copies, two different media, and one offsite copy.
| Security Measure | Benefit |
|---|---|
| Firewall | Blocks untrusted access |
| Secure protocols | Encrypts data transmissions |
| Disk encryption | Renders data unreadable if drives are stolen |
| Strong passphrases | Prevents unauthorized access |
| Backups | Protects against data loss |
Conclusion
While NAS devices offer convenient centralized file storage and sharing, their connectivity on local networks can introduce potential security risks if appropriate safeguards are not put in place. Following cybersecurity best practices like firewalls, access controls, disk encryption, VPNs, and backups can help secure your NAS and the sensitive data it contains against unauthorized access or theft. With proper configuration and ongoing vigilance, organizations and home users alike can safely reap the productivity benefits these devices provide while ensuring their data remains protected.